Rules for Editing - 3

Rule: 3

The verb following ‘while’ (meaning during the same time) in a sentence will be in [V1+ing] gerund or present participle form.

Examples:

The door bell rang while we we were eating lunch. [Correct]

The door bell rang while we ate lunch. [Wrong]

We have to carry an umbrella while going in the rain. [Correct]

We have to carry an umbrella while go in the rain. [Wrong]

He ran out of breath while running the last twenty meters. [Correct]

He ran out of breath while ran the last twenty meters. [Wrong]

Don’t interrupt while somebody is talking. [Correct]

Don’t interrupt while somebody is talks. [Wrong]

How can I read while music is blaring outside? [Correct]

How can I read while music blares outside? [Wrong]

Now, correct the errors if any in the following sentences. Write “Correction is not necessary” if you think that there is no error in the sentence.

1. Motor cycle riders are suggested to wear helmets while ride their motor cycles.

Your answer:

2. The little girl played while her mother cooked food.

Your answer:

3. Pay attention while you are listening to the class.

Your answer:

4. Be careful while cross  the road.

Your answer:

5. My English teacher suggested me to underline difficult words while read the lesson.

Your answer:

6. Our PT sir warned us to be silent while the chief guest was talked.

Your answer:

7. Doctors advice us to wear mask while go out.

Your answer:

8. We should not  eat while watch TV.

Your answer:

9. Our parents applauded us while we were performing on the sports day in our school.

Your answer:

10. His father scolded him because he used his phone while drives. 

Your answer:

Answers:

1. Motor cycle riders are suggested to wear helmets while ride their motor cycles.

Your answer: Motor cycle riders are suggesterd to wear helmets while riding their motor cycles.

2. The little girl played while her mother cooked food.

Your answer: The little girl played while her mother was cooking food.

3. Pay attention while you are listening to the class.

Your answer: Correction is not necessarary.

4. Be careful while cross  the road.

Your answer: Be careful while crossing the road.

5. My English teacher suggested me to underline difficult words while read the lesson.

Your answer: My English teacher suggested me to underline difficult words while reading the lesson.

6. Our PT sir warned us to be silent while the chief guest was talked.

Your answer:Our PT sir warned us to be silent while the chief guest was talking.

7. Doctors advice us to wear mask while go out.

Your answer:Doctors advice us to wear mask while going out.

8. We should not  eat while watch TV.

Your answer:We should not eat while watching TV.

9. Our parents applauded us while we were performing on the sportsday in our school.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

10. His father scolded him because he used his phone while drives. 

Your answer: His father sccholed him because he used his phone while driving.

Rules for Editing - 2

Rules for Editing - 2

Rule No: 2

All the modal verbs are followed by V₁.

The principal English modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will and would.

Examples:

I can speak in English. [Correct]

I can spoke in English. [Wrong]

She promised that she will finish her pending works. [Correct]

She promised that she will finishing her pending works. [Wrong]

It may rain tomorrow. [Correct]

It may rained tomorrow. [Wrong]

You shall answer all these questions. [Correct]

You shall answered all these questions. [Wrong]

Correct the following sentences if necessary. If correction is not needed write ‘Correction is not necessary’ in the space given for the answer.

1. You could won the race if you practice every day.

Your answer:

2. Principal sir says that he will give a prize to the student who stands first in the examinations.

Your answer:

3. No one ought to disrespected their parents.

Your answer:

4. We should respecting the laws of the land.

Your answer:

5. You must obeyed your elder’s words.

Your answer:

6. I cannot read when there is much noise outside.

Your answer:

7. “Prasad sir might allowed us to submit the assignment tomorrow,” one of the students said.

Your answer:

8. “Could you bring me some lemons?” my mother asked my father.

Your answer:

9. You may caught corona if you move in crowds without proper protection.

Your answer:

10. One must wore mask, wash hands thoroughly and keep at least three feet distance between person to person to be safe in these days.

Your answer: 

Answers: 

Correct the following sentences if necessary. If correction is not needed write ‘Correction is not necessary’ in the space given for the answer.

1. You could won the race if you practice every day.

Your answer: You could win the race if you practice every day.

2. Principal sir says that he will give a prize to the student who stands first in the examinations.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

3. No one ought to disrespected their parents.

Your answer: No one ought to disrespect their parents.

4. We should respecting the laws of the land.

Your answer: You should respect the laws of the land.

5. You must obeyed your elder’s words.

Your answer: You must obey your elder’s words.

6. I cannot read when there is much noise outside.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

7. “Prasad sir might allowed us to submit the assignment tomorrow,” one of the students said.

Your answer:”Prasad sir might allow us to submit the assignment tomorrow,” one of the students said.

8. “Could you bring me some lemons?” my mother asked my father.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

9. You may caught corona if you move in crowds without proper protection.

Your answer: You may catch corona if you move in crowds without proper protection.

10. One must wore mask, wash hands thoroughly and keep at least three feet distance between person to person to be safe in these days.

Your answer:  One must wear mask, wash hands thoroughly and keep at least three feet distance between person to person to safe in these days.

Rules for Editing - 1

Rules for Editing -1

Rule No:1

Always use a V₁ after ‘to’ in a sentence.

Examples:

I am going to bought new books. [Wrong]

I am going to buy new books. [Right]

He was about to called you. [Wrong]

He was about to call you. [Right]

Prasanth is unable to finished his homework on time. [Wrong]

Prasanth is unable to finish his homework on time. [Right]

The train was due to arrived in five minutes. [Wrong]

The train was due to arrive in five minutes. [Right]

It is likely to rained today. [Wrong]

It is likely to rain today. [Right]

The teacher is ready to announced the results. [Wrong]

The teacher is ready to announce the results. [Right]

Correct the following sentences if necessary. If correction is not needed write ‘Correction is not necessary’ in the space given for the answer.

1. I am willing to paid the fee in next month.

Your answer:

2. You are supposed to answer every question.

Your answer:

3. They are planning to going on a holiday.

Your answer:

4. What she meant was to telling truth to our teacher.

Your answer:

5. Our principal sir wants all the students to following the rules of the school.

Your answer:

6. What do you propose to did in your free time?

Your answer:

7. My father wants me to became an engineer.

Your answer:

8. The government wants everyone to stay in their homes because of Covid-19.

Your answer:

9. You have to maintained social distance when going out.

Your answer:

10. My teacher asked us to wearing masks when we go out.

Your answer:

Answers:

1. I am willing to paid the fee in next month.

Your answer:  I am will to pay the fee next month.

2. You are supposed to answer every question.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

3. They are planning to going on a holiday.

Your answer: They are planning to go on a holiday.

4. What she meant was to telling truth to our teacher.

Your answer: What she meant was to tell truth to our teacher.

5. Our principal sir wants all the students to following the rules of the school.

Your answer: Our principal sir wants all the students to follow the rules of the school.

6. What do you propose to did in your free time?

Your answer: What do you propose to do in your  free time?

7. My father wants me to became an engineer.

Your answer: My father wants me to become an engineer.

8. The government wants everyone to stay in their homes because of Covid-19.

Your answer: Correction is not necessary.

9. You have to maintained social distance when going out.

Your answer: You have to maintain social distance when going out.

10. My teacher asked us to wearing masks when we go out.

Your answer: My teacher asked us to wear masks when we go out.

A Bond with the Wild

1. Bruno’s coming into the narrator’s family began with a tragedy. Explain.

Bruno was riding on his mother’s back when his mother was shot by a companion of the author. Bruno ran around his mother’s dead body making sorrowful noises. The author caught him and brought him home. The author gave Bruno as a pet to his wife. Like this, Bruno’s coming into the narrator’s family began with a tragedy.

2. In what way was Bruno’s diet remarkable?

Bruno could eat anything and everything. He could gulp down porridge made of any ingredients, vegetables, fruit, nuts, meat curry, and rice. He could eat bread, eggs, chocolates, sweets, pudding, and so on. He could drink milk, tea, coffee, aerated water, buttermilk, and everything liquid. He enjoyed whatever he ate or drunk.

3. Can we say that Bruno’s barium carbonate poisoning happened due to the narrator’s carelessness? Why/Why not? (Write any one of the answers)

1. Yes. We can say that Bruno’s barium carbonate poisoning happened due to the narrator’s carelessness. The narrator knows that Bruno eats everything. He should have kept Bruno safely locked in another room.

2. No. We cannot say that Bruno’s barium carbonate poisoning happened due to the narrator’s carelessness. The narrator didn’t realize that Bruno would walk into the library and eat barium carbonate. The narrator might be too preoccupied to think about this possibility.

4. The changing of Bruno’s name to Baba reflects the deep attachment which the narrator’s wife felt toward the bear. Explain.

‘Baba’ means ‘a small boy’ in Hindustani. The changing of Bruno’s name as Baba reflects a deep attachment which the narrator’s wife felt towards the bear. She never felt that Bruno is only a pet and an animal. She treated him as a part of the family. That is why she changed the name of Bruno as Baba.

5. What necessitated the decision that Baba should be sent to a zoo?

Baba has grown up. They are concerned about the safety of the tenants’ children. Poor Baba has to be kept chained most of the time. He has become too big to be kept at home as a pet. So, it is decided that he should be sent to a zoo.

6. Do you think the family’s decision of getting Baba back home from the zoo was wise? Why/Why not?

Yes. I think that the family’s decision of getting Baba back home from the zoo was wise. When Baba is in the zoo, both Baba and the narrator’s wife fretted. Baba couldn’t eat food properly. The narrator’s wife is worried about the well-being of Baba. Baba became habituated to the narrator’s home as his own home. Moreover, the narrator knows how to take care of Baba and keep him safe.

From the diary of Anne Frank

Introduction:

This lesson is taken from “Diary of a Young Girl” also known as “The Diary of Anne Frank”. It is an autobiography that was first published in 1947. In this, Anne, a teenage girl expresses her thoughts in a diary. The diary was written in a hardbound book that was gifted to her on her thirteenth birthday. She names the diary “Kitty”. She considers Kitty as her only true friend. She mentions her childhood, her family, and several other things that she shared with no one else.

Summary:

Anne writes about being lonely. She says that she is having no one to share her feelings even though she is surrounded by her family. She has around 30 friends also. So, she starts writing her feelings in a diary. She says that it is unusual for her to write in a diary as she never wrote anything like this and nobody would be interested to read it. As she is really in need of a true friend, she names her diary “Kitty”.

she doesn’t want to write just facts in her diary as most people do. She starts her diary by giving some background information. She feels that it is easier to understand her diary better. She writes about her family and early childhood, their migration, her early schooling, the death of her grandmother.

Later, she comes to the present day. She describes the day on which results are announced. Everyone in the class is nervous about their result. Some of them are even making bets. Anne is quite sure about herself and her friends. Her relationship with all the teachers is good. Her mathematics teacher, Mr. Keesing is an exception. He is annoyed because of her talking habit. He gives her punishment to write essays on weird topics such as “Chatterbox”. She writes an essay explaining that talking is a quality that she inherited from her mother and talking is a trait of students. He goes on giving her essays until she writes a funny poem with the help of a friend.  After that third and last assignment, Mr. Keesing laughs it off and never minds her talking.

Meanings:

Musings- a period of reflection or thought

Listless- with no energy or interest

Brooding- engaged in or showing deep thought about something that makes one sad, angry, or worried.

Prompted- provoke

Confide- to tell personal things privately to a person that one trusts

Liable- likely (here)

Enhance- intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.

Plunge- jump or dive quickly

Adorable- lovable, cute

Emigrated- leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another.

Plunked- to put down

Farewell- an act of parting or of making someone’s departure

Intended- planned

Solemn- characterized by deep sincerity

Dedication- commitment

Quaking- shake or tremble

Stake- to bet, chanced (doing something despite the uncertain outcome)

Pleading- to make an emotional appeal

Glances- take a brief or hurried look

Outbursts- a sudden release of strong emotion

Dummies- an object designed to resemble and serve as a substitute for the real or usual one

Unpredictable- not able to be predicted; changeable

Not to lose heart- not be discouraged

Old fogey- an old fashioned person

Annoyed- slightly angry; irritated

Chatterbox- a person who likes to chatter; talkative

Jotted- write (something) quickly

Ramble- to talk or write at length in confused or inconsequential ways

Convincing- capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real; powerful

Trait- quality

Inherited- derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors.

Proceeded- to begin a course of action

Incorrigible- not able to be changed

Mistress- a woman in a position of authority or control

Roared- laughed (here)

Exhausted- completely used up

Ingenuity- the quality of being clever, original and inventive

Verse- writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme

Ridiculous- deserving or inviting derision or mockery; absurd (derision means making fun, jeering)

Contrary- opposite in nature, direction, or meaning

 

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Amanda

 About the Poet:

Robin Mc Maugh Klein (born 1936) is an Australian author of books for children. She writes Children’s and young adult fiction.

Introduction:

Robin Klein has expressed the views of a little girl, Amanda who is constantly pointed out by her mother for making mistakes. The mother considers several things done by her daughter as mistakes because they are not part of the code of good conduct laid out by the society in which we live.

Summary:

The poem tells about a girl named Amanda and her parent. The parent nags Amanda for her mistakes. She is first pointed out most probably by her mother for biting her nails and for not sitting in the right posture.

The mother also feels that Amanda sits drooping, in a very lazy manner. To this, Amanda imagines herself as a mermaid. She thinks that as a mermaid, she can live a calm and relaxing life drifting in the beautiful green sea.

Further, Amanda is nagged for not cleaning her room and shoes and also for not doing her homework. She then imagines herself to be an orphan because she is now fed up of being watched by her parents continuously. She says that she would have enjoyed her freedom then, by making the patterns of her bare feet on the sand and would live a peaceful life.

Next, Amanda is scolded for eating too many chocolates as they cause pimples. She is also scolded for not listening to her mother and turning her face away when her mother is talking to her. So, now Amanda thinks of being Rapunzel, a character from a fairy tale and wants to live in a tower just like her. In the tower, she would be alone and would live a peaceful life.  

Finally, Amanda is asked to stop being moody. After this time the poet has not written about any reaction from Amanda’s side. This constant nagging has made her so dejected that she has even stopped to imagine. She had used her imagination as a way to escape from the harassment and dominance of her parents.

Stanza - 1

Don’t bite your nails, Amanda!

Don’t hunch your shoulders, Amanda!

Stop that slouching and sit up straight,

Amanda!

(There is a languid, emerald sea,                    

where the sole inhabitant is me—

a mermaid, drifting blissfully.)

Meanings:

Hunch= bend

Slouching= sitting in a lazy way

Languid= relaxed

Emerald= here, green color

Inhabitant= resident

Drifting= carried slowly by the water

Blissfully= happily

The poet describes a typical little girl and her parent. Amanda is a little girl who is always pointed out by her mother for her mistakes. Amanda imagines her life to be different. The poet says that the mother is pointing out Amanda for biting nails. Next, she asks her to sit straight without bending her shoulders. Amanda who has the habit of bending her shoulders and sitting lazily is being pointed criticized.  When she is being scolded by her mother, Amanda imagines herself to be in a deep green sea. She imagines herself as a mermaid.  She wants to be carried away by the flow of water and relax. 

Literary devices:

Anaphora: Repeated use of a word at the start of two or more lines (don’t bite… don’t hunch)

Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘o’ (don’t hunch your shoulders)

Rhyme: aaba ccc (Amanda, Amanda, straight, Amanda, sea, me, blissfully)

Metaphor: use of word emerald sea for green colour of sea being similar to the colour of emerald

Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’

Imagery: drifting blissfully

Alliteration: ‘Stop that slouching and sit up straight’ - ‘s’ sound is being repeated at the start of closely placed words.

Allusion: ‘mermaid’ is a well-known imaginary creature.

Stanza 2:

Did you finish your homework, Amanda?

Did you tidy your room, Amanda?

I thought I told you to clean your shoes,

Amanda!                                                                  

(I am an orphan, roaming the street.

I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet.

The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.)

Meanings:

Orphan: A child whose parents are dead

Hushed: quiet and still place

Here the poet says that Amanda’s mother is inquiring whether Amanda has done her homework or not? Then she asks whether she has cleaned her room or not. In addition, Amanda is also reminded to clean her shoes. It is clear that the mother is constantly asking her questions. Amanda imagines herself to be an orphan who is roaming in the streets. This means that she imagines if she would have been without parents she would have walked freely in the streets. She would have drawn designs on the soft dust with her uncovered feet very quietly. So, we can see that she thinks opposite to her mother. Her mother wants her to keep everything neat and clean. But Amanda wants to play in the dust with her bare feet.

Literary devices:

Anaphora: Repeated use of a word at the start of two or more lines (did you finish….did you tidy)

Rhyme: Rhyme scheme is aada eee (Amanda, Amanda, shoes, Amanda, street, feet, sweet)

Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘o’ (Thought, told, you, your, shoes)

Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’

Metaphor: silence is golden - silence is said to be glorious like golden colour

freedom is sweet - freedom is said to be sweet in taste.

Stanza - 3

Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!

Remember your acne, Amanda!

Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you,

Amanda!

(I am Rapunzel; I have not a care;                        

life in a tower is tranquil and rare;

I’ll certainly never let down my bright hair!)

Meanings:

Acne: Pimples

Rapunzel: A girl in the fairy tale by Brothers Grimm

Tranquil: calm, quiet

Rare: uncommon

Next, Amanda’s mother is not allowing her to eat chocolates. She reminds her of pimples that Amanda has to face due to eating chocolates. At last, she scolds Amanda for not paying attention to what she says. At this moment Amanda imagines herself to be Rapunzel. Rapunzel was a character from a fairy tale. Amanda wants to be Rapunzel because she feels that life in the tower will be peaceful and unusual. She thinks she will be free and live in a peaceful environment in the tower. She also confirms to herself that she will never let her hair down to anyone so that nobody could come to her in the tower.

Literary devices:

Allusion: use of famous fairy tale character Rapunzel

Rhyme: rhyme scheme aafa ggg (Amanda, Amanda, you, Amanda, care, rare, hair)

Assonance: use of vowel sound ‘e’ and ‘o’ (Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you

Consonance: use of sound ‘r’ (I am Rapunzel; I have not a care …..Bright hair)

Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’

Stanza - 4

Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!

You’re always so moody, Amanda!       

Anyone would think that I nagged at you,

Amanda!

Meanings:

sulking: be in a bad mood

moody: unstable

nagged: harass

Her mother now warns Amanda for behaving in a very odd manner. She asks her to stop being in a bad mood. Moreover, she blames her for her frequent mood changes. She also scolds Amanda by saying that people may think that Amanda was constantly harassed by her. The poet hadn't written about Amanda's feelings after this. Perhaps Amanda was too distressed to think of anything. 

Literary devices:

Alliteration: ‘Stop that sulking’ - ‘s’ sound is repeated at the start of closely placed words

Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’

Rhyme scheme: aaha (Amanda, Amanda, you, Amanda)

Repetition: use of word ‘Amanda’

Unit 2 of Words and Expressions 2

1. Read the story, ‘His First Flight’ again. Working in groups of four, answer the following questions selecting the correct option.

Q.1. The young seagull was afraid of flying because _________________________________________.

 (a) he felt his wings would not support him

 (b) other bird knew to fly very well

 (c) the sea was very large

 (d) his mother and father threatened him

Answer: a

Q.2. Why did his family taunt him about his cowardice?

 (a) He went with his sisters and brothers.

 (b) He was not listening to them.

 (c) He was not accepting their request to fly with them.

 (d) He was not liked by them at all.

Answer: c

Q.3. How did the young seagull start flying? 

(a) His mother showed him the fish and moved away from him to make him fly.

 (b) His brothers and sisters trained him to fly.

 (c) He was hungry and he moved to fly in search of food.

 (d) He did not learn to fly at all.

Answer: a

Q.4. Which of the following statements is not true of the young seagull?

 (a) He was lazy and did not want to fly.

 (b) He wanted to fly, but was afraid of flying.

 (c) His mother, father, brothers, and sisters helped him fly.

 (d) His hunger made him fly.

Answer: a

Q.5. Say whether the following statements about the seagull are true or false.

 (a) The young seagull liked to fly with his brothers and sisters. ( )

 (b) The young seagull was hungry so he started to fly. ( )

 (c) He was scared of flying first. ( )

 (d) He flew on his own to get the food. ( )

Answers:

(a) The young seagull liked to fly with his brothers and sisters. (T )

 (b) The young seagull was hungry so he started to fly. (F )

 (c) He was scared of flying first. (T )

 (d) He flew on his own to get the food. (F )

 

 2. You have another story, ‘The Black Aeroplane’ in the lesson. Read the story again and develop at least five multiple choice questions based on the story. Work in pairs and ask your partner to answer them. The questions may be based on the events, persons, reasons and causes of the events, and results in the story.

Your questions

Choose the right option.

1.The pilot of the black aeroplane was going to _________

a. Paris                  b. London            c. his home town              d. we do not know

The answer is: d

2. The narrator was not an experienced pilot.

a. True                  b. False                 c. He never flew a plane before d. we do not know

The answer is: F

3. What happened when the narrator flew his plane into the stormy clouds?

a. his compass stopped working                b. his radio stopped working       c. it became completely dark    d. all the three

The answer is: d

4. The narrator knew that somebody would help him.

a. Yes                    b. No                     c. we do not know           d. he was not sure

The answer is: b

5. The woman at the reception looked surprised because _______________

a. the narrator said that another plane helped him in landing safely.

b. the narrator had landed safely.

c. it was a stormy night.

d. he asked for English breakfast.

The answer is: a

Reading Comprehension

All about a DogI  - by  A.G Gardiner.

Look Up and Understand

bitterly = Adverb. in an angry, hurt, or resentful way.

embittered = Past Tense. Verb. make (someone) feel bitter or resentful

evidently = Adverb. Clearly

malice = Noun. Wrongful intension

avalanche = Noun. A sudden arrival of something in huge quantities

imperiously = Adverb. dominatingly

imperturbably = Adverb. Calmly, without any excitement

indignant = Adjective. angry

quarterdeck = Noun. Upper part of a ship usually reserved for officers

Vocabulary

 1. Making adverbs: bitterly, imperturbably, violently, and evidently are some words you have come across in the story. These are adverbs. A few words are given below. Make adverbs of these words and use them in sentences of your own. (Take care of the spelling when you convert these into adverbs.)

(a) Angry - angrily

(b) Vague - vaguely

(c) Indignant - indignantly

(d) Threatening - threateningly

(e) Hurry - hurriedly

 2. Now, look at the word given below in italic.

He was immovable.

‘im’ is the prefix added to the word ‘movable’. The prefix ‘im’ made ‘immovable’ an antonym of ‘movable’. Now, make more words with the prefix im- which are antonyms.

1. mobile - immobile

2.proper - improper

3. possible - impossible

4. patient - impatient

5. mature - immature

6. polite - impolite

7. passive - impassive

8. moral - immoral

 3. words with prefixes ‘il’ and ‘in’ .

Example	logical - illogical	secure - insecure
1	legible - illegible	accurate - inaccurate
2	legal - illegal	adequate - inadequate
3	legitimate - illegitimate	formal - informal
4	literate - illiterate	active - inactive
5	legalese - illegalize	capable - incapable